19. Scouting is known for camping, hiking, and adventure, but it's also about acquiring the skills to not only survive in the wilderness but to contribute to society as a whole. Merit badges give scouts the opportunity to investigate around 130 different areas of knowledge and skills. Add to Favourites Hang Loose Surf Patch - Tie Dye Iron On Patch - Embroidered Patches for Jackets - Beach - Ocean - Wildflower + Co. If you have individual scouts for the Whitewater Merit Badge, we have an open program on August 3-4, 2023. 10 of 11 W ild erness Use P olicy ofthe B oy S cou ts ofA merica All privately or publicly owned backcountry land and designated wildernesses are included in the term “wilderness areas” in this policy. Kayaking Merit Badge – Kayaking has become one of the fastest-growing paddlesports in the United States. The counselor should keep the following in mind: • The meals for this merit badge may be planned, prepared, and cooked at different times. To earn the Eagle-required Communication merit badge, you’ll need to examine your own communication methods, deliver a speech, conduct an interview, organize an event, and much more! In this guide, I’ll be helping you complete the. fishing, surfing, or simply enjoying a vacation beach experience, this book will guide you to the best beach experience. (b) Discuss the use of integrated pest management vs. Woodard was listening to the speakers at a digital communication conference and was amazed at all the different ways youth are communicating online. Due to the pandemic, Camping took a big hit in completion numbers in the past two summers since it requires planned troop campouts. For example, the 1922 merit badge pamphlet shows a requirement of receiving Morse code at a rate of 10 WPM, in 1930 the requirement was 5 WPM and in 1984 the code requirement was dropped completely. MERIT BADGE PROCEDURE 1. Merit Badges. Scouts learned how to raise an assortment of nuts and legumes en route to earning this badge before it was eliminated in 1954. View current Bugling Merit Bagde requirements and resources from the official Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge HubGo-Carting Merit Badge. BSA Reptile & Amphibian Merit Badge Pamphlet-Merit Badge Series Pamphlet, Merit Badge Gui. or Swimming MB or Cycling MB. Benchmark Books. Identify three healthy eating goals you want to work on. • Help instruct Cub Scouts on fishing skills or fishery management as Music and Bugling 1994 Boy Scouts of America Outlines requirements for pursuing a merit badge in music and bugling. 2. They familiarize themselves with the terminology involved and the command structure. For more information of what is and what is not required of you, check the advancement rank requirements. Identify three healthy eating goals you want to work on. Explain to your merit badge counselor verbally or in writing what personal fitness means to you, including: a. Get a statement saying that your teeth have been checked and cared for. 4c) The concepts of simple interest and compound interest. Revised January, 2018. Keep track of what you eat and drink for three days. Vintage Style Surf Naked Surfer Surfing Patch Badge 10. Established in 1937. Scouts BSA could use Citizenship in Society as one of the Eagle-Required merit badges for Star rank requirement #3 or Life requirement #3 anytime after November 1, 2021. MotorboatingMerit Badge Workbook. 4. Emergency Preparedness Merit Badge Requirement 9: Family Preparedness. Requirements were REVISED effective January 1, 2019. Be more. Weatherstrip a window or door. Demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and attitude necessary to safely shoot a rifle from the benchrest position or supported prone position while using the five fundamentals of rifle shooting. Scout BSA is a movement dedicated to supplementing and enlarging the education of youth ages 11-17 years old. Discuss the national issues you. Rated 9, considered one of the most challenging merit badges due to the requirement of scripting, planning events, and giving multiple presentations. The goal is for the Scout to cue. Components of personal fitness b. The goal is for the Scout toRadio Merit Badge. 27 - Sun. Your application must be approved by your councilExplain the following to your merit badge counselor: 4a) The differences between saving and investing, including reasons for using one over the other. Learn more. You’ll learn why these qualities are important in society and in Scouting, as well as how to help other people at all times and serve as a leader and an upstander. This merit badge is intended to introduce Scouts to programming, to help them understand how programming affects them in their everyday lives, and to help them realize This magnificent camp is located near Lake Arrowhead at over 5,000 feet of elevation and over 2,000 acres of pristine forest in the San Bernardino Mountains. Tell your counselor about your experience, and share the materials you used and developed for this event. Type C | Dates: 1936-1946 | Nickname: Narrow Border or Narrow Tan. Requirement 7. This merit badge explores nutrition needs and cooking basics, then tosses the scout into cooking at home, in camp, and on the trail. Identification: Type C badges look the same as Type. 1. $9. Get started! Check out our surfing badge selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pins & pinback buttons shops. Earning merit badges allows you to explore many fields, helps you round out your skills, and introduces you to subjects that will perhaps become lifelong interests or a rewarding career. Wood Badge holders are seen as Scouting's elite group of Scouters. You get to know different kinds of birds, where they live, what they eat, and how to spot them. View current Swimming Merit Bagde requirements and resources from the official Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge HubMaintain or recondition a yard tool and show that you know how to clean up and properly store this equipment. To gain a solid foundation for your Scouting career, I’d suggest starting 5 specific Eagle-required merit badges before taking on any others. Record your results and identify those areas where you feel you need to improve. Website: Surf Life Saving New Zealand. Enjoy Victoria's rugged coastline and catch a wave at one of these great breaks. Our education initiatives include Boy Scout Railroad Merit Badge classes and Urban Archeological tours. gested outline for Swimming merit badge instruction. Many of these have free admission, so ask your counselor for their recommendations. Some people say that in life, everything is sales. Merit Badges All Merit Badges A-Z Eagle-required Merit Badges Tips and Guides Counselor Information About Merit Badges You can learn about sports, crafts, science, trades, business, and future careers as you earn merit badges. The SPL then hands the badges to ASPL2 who presents the badge. Basketry. Demonstrations or activities in or on the water must be conducted according to BSA Safe Swim Defense and BSA Safety Afloat. Scouts BSA could use Citizenship in Society as one of the Eagle-Required merit badges for Star rank requirement #3 or Life requirement #3 anytime after November 1, 2021. The Newport. From my experience as a Merit Badge Coordinator for my troop, each new merit badge counselor applicants must consent to a background check when submitting their application. Sketch the phase and the position of the Moon at the same hour and place, for four nights within a one week period. We offer specialty classes ranging from small and big boat sailing, rowing, marine sciences, wood working, composite material and chemistry classes, and so much more. Once a merit badge idea gets past the first stage, the. Describe the similarities and differences of several types of astronomical telescopes, including at least one that observes light beyond the visible part of the spectrum (i. You must not repeat any menus for meals actually prepared or cooked in requirements 4, 5, and 6. Note to the Merit Badge Counselor: Shooting Sports Merit Badge Counselor Requirements and Registration In the 2021 Guide to Advancement (BSA Publication 33088 - SKU 648216), Under Section 7. The Long Service badge is awarded on completion of 5 or 10 years adult service to the Movement. 5Under certain exceptional conditions, where the climate keeps the outdoor water temperature below safe levels year-round, or where there are no suitably safe and accessible places (outdoors or indoors) within a reasonable traveling. Describe the following locations: J Bay, Trestles, Narrabeen, Old Man's, Sunset, the Pipeline, and Mavericks. It is the merit badge counselor’s responsi-bility to follow all BSA safety policies, especially the nine points of Safety Afloat. 2006 Bobbie Kalman Extreme wakeboarding is a spectacular water sport that combines elements of skateboarding, surfing, and snowboarding. Books Aarons, Richard N. Written by Cole All Posts Best of ScoutSmarts Merit Badge Guides. Hardest Requirement. Prepare a list of your regular home duties or chores (at least five) and do them for 90 days. Scouts are asked to do extensive exploration into their own learning, growth. Day 1 Location: Middle Youghiogheny, Ohiopyle, PA. Self disciplined and determined to do best and efficient. Holcomb Valley Scout Camp. Discuss with your counselor the effect your chores had on your family. coastline or lake, fishing, surfing, or simply enjoying a vacation beach experience, this book will guide you to the best beach experience. Virtual Merit Badge Classes. Rated 9, considered one of the most challenging merit badges due to the requirement of scripting, planning events, and giving multiple presentations. Scouting’s merit badge program succeeds because of the dedication and generosity of people like you. What it means to be socially healthy 3. . Merit Badge University Helena, 2022. Explain how the following elements and terms can affect the quality of a picture: Light - natural light (ambient/existing), low light (such as at night), and artificial light (such as from a flash) Exposure-aperture (f-stops), shutter speed, ISO. (c) Benefits. Download the entire guide to Boy Scouts of America patches & insignias, including placement on uniforms. Reasons for being mentally, physically, socially, and spiritually fit b. Unlike many other merit badges, the. Watch the national evening news five days in a row OR read the front page of a major daily newspaper five days in a row. As always, the Scout must have a buddy at all meetings with the counselor. You can learn about sports, crafts, science, trades, business, and future careers as you earn merit badges. Geocaching Scout's Name: _____ _____ 3. 562. Cooking Hazards. Merit Badge Workbook This workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet. Health & Safety Requirements a. Cooking is a big part of camping and a necessary life skill. Elsevier,. Ocean Wave Badge, Surf Wave Patch, Decorative Patch, DIY Embroidery, Embroidered Applique, Surf Gift, Sea Lover Gift. Scouts learned how to raise an assortment of nuts and legumes en route to earning this badge before it was eliminated in 1954. Econo-Clad Books, 1990. Wearing the Merit Badge Sash: Most Scouts wear their merit badges on a merit badge sash which is worn over the right shoulder. In addition to the Boy Scouts of America, many other Scouting and Scouting-like organizations around the world, such as Pathfinders, Baden-Powell Scouts and Royal Rangers, issue merit badges or their equivalent; though they are sometimes called honors or. Search and Rescue - Merit Badge Workbook Page. Could the background check be the difference between a registered adult and vs. Measure the air temperature. If you find a tick on your body when camping, immediately remove it. 4 One long. Discover what you’re interested in. To get that first bronze Eagle palm, he’ll need to increase that merit badge count to at least 26. 5566 x238. Add to Cart. Contents hide. Seller: eBay (traderjeff) Find 2 Boy Scout SURFING Spoof Merit Badges Shows Surfer on and more at collectors. What you can do to better manage your money. Spread the strained dishwater over a wide area at least 200 feet from the nearest water source, campsite, or trail, ideally in a sunny area. Do the following, and discuss your observations throughout the process with your counselor: a. This Workbook can help you organize your thoughts as you prepare to meet with your merit badge counselor. 12 of 13 When working on merit badges, Scouts and Scouters should be aware of some vital information in the current edition of the Guide to Advancement (BSA publication 33088). On July 1, 2022, the number of required badges will increase to 14, and the number of optional badges will be reduced to 7. Sailing is more than just a thrilling. Earn the Swimming merit badge. With your parent’s and unit leader’s help, you must select […]merit badges as you can and qualifying for alternative merit badges for the rest. Medicine for the Outdoors: The Essential Guide to First Aid and Emergency Medicine, 6th ed. It’s available in packs of 25 or 100, or in a specially designed template for printing from Scoutbook. 2) Before doing requirements 3 through 15: —2a) Earn the Swimming merit badge. Requirement 6. (The Rowing merit badge. The Universe Below: Discovering the Secrets of the Deep Sea. Decide on a general timeline for earning your badge. Meals p epared for rank advancement or other merit badges may not count toward the Cooking merit badge. Important excerpts from that publication can be downloaded from these three merit badges: Fishing, Fly-Fishing, and Fish and Wildlife Management. Oxford University Press, 1991. 4. 712 W. What it means to be mentally healthy c. Swim continuously for 400 yards using each of the following strokes in a strong manner, in good form with rhythmic breathing, for at least 50 continuous yards: front crawl, sidestroke, breaststroke, and elementary backstroke. 20 of 21 Survival Public health, Conservation, Good citizenship. List several reasons why you are important to your family and discuss. Girl Scouts learn new skills, earn badges, and take action to receive their Bronze, Silver, or Gold Award. Explain how breakers are formed. There are more than 135 merit badges. 50. 9 of 32 b. Successfully complete your board of review for the Life rank. The purpose of the Boardsailing BSA award is to introduce basic boardsailing skills, equipment, and safety precautions; to encourage the development of skills that promote fitness and safe aquatic recreation; and to lay a skill and knowledge foundation for those who will later participate in more advanced and demanding activities on the water. Fishing Merit Badge SCOUTS BSA 1. Do more. One long-term camping experience of up to six consecutive nights may be applied toward this requirement. This merit badge presents the basic skills and knowledge about Canoeing. “Our state title events are at the. Often times Scouts find it helpful to use one of Scoutmaster Bucky’s specially made Merit Badge Workbooks toList and describe five major fish and wildlife management practices used by managers in your state. Simon and Schuster, 1997. Requirement 7. Describe the types of patrols that are used in your troop. To gain a solid foundation for your Scouting career, I’d suggest starting 5 specific Eagle-required merit badges before taking on any others. You can learn about sports, crafts, science, trades, business, and future careers as you earn merit badges. (The Rowing merit badge. 3b. Earn the Swimming merit badge. NY Erie Canal East-NEW;. Transfer Merit 2. This patch comes with easy to apply iron-on backing that will simplify any DIY project. Heritage, and Stamp Collecting merit badge pamphlets Books Bial, Raymond. The merit badge instruction should begin with a review of requirement 3. This Merit Badgeis Required to earn the Eagle Scout Rank. 4. As the name suggests, Nerd. The camp includes Lake Chamberlain, a fresh-water lake for swimming and kayaking, a trading post. 3/16″ to 1/4″ and a total diameter of approx. Merit Badge Requirements and Process. 33088 (SKU 620573) Includes additional Merit Badge Counselor qualifications associated with some merit badges • Guide to Safe Scouting, No. View current Surveying Merit Bagde requirements and resources from the official Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge HubOver the years, several of you emailed me with suggestions for merit badges about Sewing, Magic, Guitar, Hunting, Surfing and lots more. Learning these key skills will make. Total Cub Scout responses: 103 Average cost for a scout for a year: $512. $3. Council Commissioned Leaders 11 Commissioner Service 11 Roundtables 11 VII. There are more than 100 merit badges for you to choose from. 12 of 13. Make a Secchi disk to measure turbidity (how much suspended sedimentation is in the water). **. providing the full and complete answers. Personal Management - Merit Badge Workbook Page 5 of 21. Explain why only locals are allowed to surf on your beach. International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press, 2006. Overall Difficulty. Add to Cart. 5"x11") page, or. Wear your merit badge sash at courts of honor, troop inspections, flag ceremonies, and when you are on special service projects. Explain how one becomes a citizen in the United States, and explain the rights, duties, and obligations of U. With 46% of the world's population within a 94-minute drive to a beach, this book is a must forThis is a fairly involved merit badge with a lot of requirements. 6 of 9 4. A Palm is an additional recognition an Eagle Scout can earn. Explain the importance of each one with your counselor. Surveying - Merit Badge Workbook Page. This Merit Badges for Eagle PDF shows a sample way to earn the merit badges in four years, and which ones work well at summer camp. Drafting opens up a world of opportunities in architecture, engineering, design, innovation and more for Scouts. DIY. L. Exploring the Titanic. cold water position to retain your. Four Features of the Free Enterprise System in the United States. com. This merit badge is all knowledge based, and can be done at any time from the comfort of home and the Internet. Some skills acquired in those sports. 2022 Rank. Explain what citizenship in the world means to you and what you think it takes to be a good world citizen. 2. Demonstrations or activities in or on the water must be conducted according to BSA Safe Swim Defense and BSA Safety Afloat. Now on to rowing, which was introduced at the 1900 Olympics in Paris. Repair a break in a concrete or asphalt surface. Carson, Rachel L. To be eligible, you must be a First Class Scout or higher. Replace a pane of glass. Surfing can be dangerous so. (b) Keep track of what you eat and drink for three days. With your counselor, answer and. Greater Los Angeles Area Council. Rails To Trails Bike Tours. and tidal bore. Select Subject. View Oceanography Merit Badge. Set up a cross-country course that is at least 2,000 meters long with at least five control markers. SKU: 659219. Cuts,:Make this ride in eight hours or less. 1 Supervisory Qualifications and Certifications has specific. It is expected that the completion of this merit badge may take a longer period of time than some of the other merit badges. Discuss the prevention of and treatment for the following health concerns that could occur while fishing, including cuts and scratches, puncture wounds, insect bites, hypothermia, dehydration, heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and sunburn. Complete the requirements for one of the following: Orienteering merit badge, or Geocaching merit badge, or Venturing Ranger Land Navigation core requirement. Compare the depths in the oceans with the heights of mountains on land. You don’t need to have had rank advancement to be eligible. a charcoal or wood fire. The beach-front property’s warm coastal breeze and high-adventure activities attract thousands of Scouts to this premier camp each year. Over the years, several of you emailed me with suggestions for merit badges about Sewing, Magic, Guitar, Hunting, Surfing and lots more. 1 Supervisory Qualifications and Certifications has specific special qualifications or certifications for either the merit. Budhos. Cooking at Home. Rowing 1993 Boy Scouts of America Outlines requirements for the merit badge in rowing. Fishing - Merit Badge Workbook Page. of a high-quality merit badge program when planning any merit badge event where group instruction will take place. You don’t need to have had rank advancement to be eligible. Be active in your troop for a period of at least six months as a Life Scout. Do the following: (a) From your scrapbook collection, identify three species of insects helpful to humans and five species of insects harmful to humans. There are. 1. Check out our surf badge selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pins & pinback buttons shops. The National Medal for Outdoor Achievement is the highest recognition that a Scout, Sea Scout, or Venturer can earn for exemplary achievement, experience, and skill. Environmental Merit Badge Workshop . The. Do ONE of the following: For one day, keep a log in which you describe your communication activities. 3 of 13 b. People tend to interpret the impact of international events from their own cultural or national perspective. Bode, Janet. Prepare a first-aid kit for your home. Reference Guide to Advancement 7. BSA doesn't have. Use a skillet over campfire coals OR a Dutch oven for a fourth meal, and cook the fifth meal in a foil pack OR on a skewer. Record your results and identify those areas where you feel you need to improve. The Aquatics Badge Book contains the official swim competency standards, detailed instructions for all of the required strokes, safe rescue throws and aids, as well as survival situations. Discuss the ways you should protect yourself and the victim while administering first aid. PS. Requirements for the Personal Management merit badge: Do the following: Choose an item that your family might want to purchase that is considered a major expense. , ed. Catch a wave on Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii. 3. Composition-rule of thirds, leading lines, framing, depth. Explain in writing: a. Location: 30 minutes southwest of Tillamook, Oregon, just south of Cape Lookout State Park and Cape Lookout. Do the following: (a) Float faceup in a resting position for at least three minutes with minimal movement. The most popular style of kayaking is recreational kayaking (6. 3. That may seem like a lot, but it's just 10 more badges than a Life Scout already has, and chances are, your. Requirement 7) Outline a comprehensive 12-week physical fitness program using the results of your fitness tests. We’re just one hour south of Pittsburgh, and an easy 3 hours from Cleveland. This Merit Badgeis Required to earn the Eagle Scout Rank. Before you start, it’s good to have some basics like how to use binoculars and a bird guidebook. c. You may choose any of the 17 merit badges on the required list for Eagle to fulfill this requirement. Explain the changes you observe. Talk with your merit badge counselor when starting out and briefly walk through each requirement. These workbooks can help you but you still need to read the merit. Speak to the subject and use a MERIT BADGES (Register for Merit Badges before Camp) Basketry Recommended for 1st year and older Scouts Offered at Bull Mountain Studios Preparation None Other Information All materials provided. Do the following: Explain to your counselor the most likely risks you may encounter during athletics activities and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these. 99. After the first table is a list of the merit badges, arranged by. Discuss first aid and prevention for the types of injuries that could occur while participating in robotics activities and competitions, including cuts, eye injuries, and burns (chemical or heat). Camping - Merit Badge Workbook Page. The counselor should keep the following in mind: • The meals for this merit badge may be planned, prepared, and cooked at different times. 00. American Business Merit Badge Requirements. Camping - Merit Badge Workbook Page. The Swimming Deserve Badge: Your Final Guide Inbound 2023. Cooking is a fun Eagle-required merit badge that’ll teach you skills to safely prepare a meal in any location. 512-065 • Merit Badge Counselor Information, No. Boy Scout Requirements, 1985-87 1979 Boy Scouts of America. Broad, William J. Surf Life Saving New Zealand. Requirements for the Oceanography merit badge: Name four branches of oceanography. Measure the water temperature at the surface, midwater, and bottom of a body of water four times daily for five consecutive days. American Cultures Merit Badge Emblem. 2. 4 of 10 Describe the appropriate safety gear and clothing that should be used when working with robotics. Date Fro m To Hours served After your volunteer experience is over, discuss what you have learned with your counselor. Exploring the Titanic. 1. The history of merit badges in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) has been tracked by categorizing them into a series of merit badge types. Describe the following locations: J Bay, Trestles, Narrabeen, Old Man's, Sunset, the Pipeline, and Mavericks. Small-Boat Seamanship Manual. A Scout must earn 14 of them for the rank of Eagle Scout (and 7 others, of course). S. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Cloverdale, OR 97112. Without further ado, the 14 merit badges needed to reach the rank of Eagle Scout and their difficulty ratings are: First Aid: 6. Surfs Up Badge Reel - Summer Badge Reel - Surfing Badge Reels - Cute Badge Reel - Badge Reel Gifts - Surfer Badge Reel - ID Badge Reel - ID. Check out our surf badge selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pins & pinback buttons shops. With your counselor's and parent's/ permission, complete a project from the book. Using a pair of fine-tipped tweezers, grasp the tick as close to your skin’s surface as possible. Surfing. For instance, it includes diagrams on the H. these three merit badges: Fishing, Fly-Fishing, and Fish and Wildlife Management. m. 0. 4See the Swimming merit badge requirements for details about the BSA swimmer test. See Eagle rank requirement 3 for this list. 1b) Discuss first aid and prevention for potential injuries, such as eyestrain and repetitive stress injuries, that could occur during programming activities. Explain how the three constructions are different. The purpose of the merit badge program is to allow Scouts to examine subjects to determine if they would like to further pursue them as a career or vocation. Oxford University Press, 1991. MERIT BADGE PRESENTATION SPL: The following Scout(s) have earned Merit Badges since our last court of honor. This crash course in self defense required pinning. Keep track of what you eat and drink for three days. 3. , and Sue Hubbell. 2022 Rank. With an adult leader. Bottom Conditions and Depth: The bottom must be clear of trees and debris. 2" Surfing Merit Badge, Patch! Any Color combo! Custom Made! (21. Overview for Scouts. Bike Tours. Water Sports. Swim continuously for 400 yards using each of the following strokes in a strong manner, in good form with rhythmic breathing, for at least 50 continuous yards: front crawl,. Use unique materials such as legos and rubber fish molds and shaving cream to create masterpieces. Based upon feedback, meeting with both together seems to be most effective andView current Drafting Merit Bagde requirements and resources from the official Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge HubAstronomy - Merit Badge Workbook Page. Daisy Craft and Tinker Badge. For Bronze, Gold, and Silver Palms, the number of additional merit badges required are 5, 10, and 15, respectively. Specialties: The Newport Sea Base is a unique facility on the West Coast, and also the largest youth-serving boating and marine education center. Communication: 8. Caulk cracks or joints open to the weather. b. The program uses a series of medals and patches as emblems. Merit badges, badges of rank, and Eagle Palms may be earned by a registered Boy Scout, or a qualified Venturer or Sea Scout. 4 of 13 b. Our council has been busy running Council and Troop level Merit Badge programs, but they generally fill shortly after posting them online. Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards you may encounter while participating in fishing activities, and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards. Do the following: 2a) Give a brief history of programming, including at least three milestones related to the advancement or development of programming. 11 of 11. Ever since the Sports merit badge. The intent is for the true learning to be experienced through the Scout’s own research. Any Scout may earn any merit badge at any time. 4a. We are headquartered in the beautiful Ohiopyle State Park, an outdoor paradise of more than. Important excerpts from that publication can be downloaded fromthese three merit badges: Fishing, Fly-Fishing, and Fish and Wildlife Management. 1b) The importance of art to humankind. Either this Merit Badge or Sustainability MBis required to earn the Eagle Scout Rank. Describe the similarities and differences of several types of astronomical telescopes, including at least one that observes light beyond the visible part of the spectrum (i. 59.